使用 GitHub Actions 構建多平臺映象

您可以使用 platforms 選項構建多平臺映象，如下例所示

注意
有關可用平臺的列表，請參閱 Docker Setup Buildx action。
如果您想支援更多平臺，可以結合 Docker Setup QEMU action 使用 QEMU。

name: ci

on:
  push:

jobs:
  docker:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

      - name: Build and push
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
          push: true
          tags: user/app:latest

構建和載入多平臺映象

GitHub Actions 執行器的預設 Docker 設定不支援在構建多平臺映象後將其載入到執行器的本地映象儲存中。要載入多平臺映象，您需要為 Docker Engine 啟用 containerd 映象儲存選項。

無法直接配置 GitHub Actions 執行器中的預設 Docker 設定，但您可以使用 docker/setup-docker-action 為作業自定義 Docker Engine 和 CLI 設定。

以下示例工作流啟用 containerd 映象儲存，構建多平臺映象，並將結果載入到 GitHub 執行器的本地映象儲存中。

name: ci

on:
  push:

jobs:
  docker:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Set up Docker
        uses: docker/setup-docker-action@v4
        with:
          daemon-config: |
            {
              "debug": true,
              "features": {
                "containerd-snapshotter": true
              }
            }

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3

      - name: Build and push
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
          load: true
          tags: user/app:latest

將構建分發到多個執行器

在前面的示例中，每個平臺都在同一個執行器上構建，這可能需要很長時間，具體取決於平臺的數量和您的 Dockerfile。

為了解決這個問題，您可以使用矩陣策略將每個平臺的構建分發到多個執行器，並使用 buildx imagetools create 命令建立清單列表。

以下工作流將使用矩陣策略在專用執行器上為每個平臺構建映象並透過摘要推送。然後，merge 作業將建立清單列表並將其推送到 Docker Hub。 metadata action 用於設定標籤和註釋。

name: ci

on:
  push:

env:
  REGISTRY_IMAGE: user/app

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        platform:
          - linux/amd64
          - linux/arm64
    steps:
      - name: Prepare
        run: |
          platform=${{ matrix.platform }}
          echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      - name: Docker meta
        id: meta
        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        with:
          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

      - name: Build and push by digest
        id: build
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
          tags: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
          outputs: type=image,push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true

      - name: Export digest
        run: |
          mkdir -p ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
          digest="${{ steps.build.outputs.digest }}"
          touch "${{ runner.temp }}/digests/${digest#sha256:}"

      - name: Upload digest
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: digests-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests/*
          if-no-files-found: error
          retention-days: 1

  merge:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs:
      - build
    steps:
      - name: Download digests
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
          pattern: digests-*
          merge-multiple: true

      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

      - name: Docker meta
        id: meta
        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        with:
          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
          tags: |
            type=ref,event=branch
            type=ref,event=pr
            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}

      - name: Create manifest list and push
        working-directory: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
        run: |
          docker buildx imagetools create $(jq -cr '.tags | map("-t " + .) | join(" ")' <<< "$DOCKER_METADATA_OUTPUT_JSON") \
            $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)

      - name: Inspect image
        run: |
          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}

使用 Bake

也可以使用 Bake 在多個執行器上構建，並使用 bake action。

您可以在此 GitHub 倉庫中找到一個即時示例。

以下示例實現了與上一節中描述的相同結果。

variable "DEFAULT_TAG" {
  default = "app:local"
}

// Special target: https://github.com/docker/metadata-action#bake-definition
target "docker-metadata-action" {
  tags = ["${DEFAULT_TAG}"]
}

// Default target if none specified
group "default" {
  targets = ["image-local"]
}

target "image" {
  inherits = ["docker-metadata-action"]
}

target "image-local" {
  inherits = ["image"]
  output = ["type=docker"]
}

target "image-all" {
  inherits = ["image"]
  platforms = [
    "linux/amd64",
    "linux/arm/v6",
    "linux/arm/v7",
    "linux/arm64"
  ]
}

name: ci

on:
  push:

env:
  REGISTRY_IMAGE: user/app

jobs:
  prepare:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      matrix: ${{ steps.platforms.outputs.matrix }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Create matrix
        id: platforms
        run: |
          echo "matrix=$(docker buildx bake image-all --print | jq -cr '.target."image-all".platforms')" >>${GITHUB_OUTPUT}

      - name: Show matrix
        run: |
          echo ${{ steps.platforms.outputs.matrix }}

      - name: Docker meta
        id: meta
        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        with:
          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}

      - name: Rename meta bake definition file
        run: |
          mv "${{ steps.meta.outputs.bake-file }}" "${{ runner.temp }}/bake-meta.json"

      - name: Upload meta bake definition
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: bake-meta
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/bake-meta.json
          if-no-files-found: error
          retention-days: 1

  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs:
      - prepare
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        platform: ${{ fromJson(needs.prepare.outputs.matrix) }}
    steps:
      - name: Prepare
        run: |
          platform=${{ matrix.platform }}
          echo "PLATFORM_PAIR=${platform//\//-}" >> $GITHUB_ENV

      - name: Download meta bake definition
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: bake-meta
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}
      
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Set up QEMU
        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

      - name: Build
        id: bake
        uses: docker/bake-action@v6
        with:
          files: |
            ./docker-bake.hcl
            cwd://${{ runner.temp }}/bake-meta.json
          targets: image
          set: |
            *.tags=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}
            *.platform=${{ matrix.platform }}
            *.output=type=image,push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true

      - name: Export digest
        run: |
          mkdir -p ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
          digest="${{ fromJSON(steps.bake.outputs.metadata).image['containerimage.digest'] }}"
          touch "${{ runner.temp }}/digests/${digest#sha256:}"

      - name: Upload digest
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: digests-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests/*
          if-no-files-found: error
          retention-days: 1

  merge:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs:
      - build
    steps:
      - name: Download meta bake definition
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: bake-meta
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}

      - name: Download digests
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
          pattern: digests-*
          merge-multiple: true

      - name: Login to DockerHub
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

      - name: Create manifest list and push
        working-directory: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests
        run: |
          docker buildx imagetools create $(jq -cr '.target."docker-metadata-action".tags | map(select(startswith("${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}")) | "-t " + .) | join(" ")' ${{ runner.temp }}/bake-meta.json) \
            $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)

      - name: Inspect image
        run: |
          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:$(jq -r '.target."docker-metadata-action".args.DOCKER_META_VERSION' ${{ runner.temp }}/bake-meta.json)